ABSTRACT
Poikiloderma vasculare atrophicans (PVA) is a rare poikilodermatous variant of early-stage mycosis fungoides characterized by generalized poikiloderma, atrophy, mottled dyspigmentation, and telangiectasia. In 2001, a 14-year-old male presented with asymptomatic brownish-gray polymorphic macules throughout the body with flexural accentuation. A skin biopsy showed increased melanophages with focal hydropic changes. Ashy dermatosis was considered a possible diagnosis. In 2005, the lesions began to show darkening and lichenification in the lower part of the trunk. In 2011, his skin showed definite poikilodermatous changes, and a biopsy showed band-like inflammatory infiltrations of atypical lymphocytes, epidermal atrophy, and epidermotropism of predominantly CD4-CD8+ atypical T cells. In addition, results of T-cell receptor gene rearrangement analysis were positive. Based on the aforementioned findings, he was diagnosed with PVA. If a patient shows long-standing and progressive hyperpigmentary skin changes, periodic follow-up and repeated skin biopsies are recommended to determine the underlying condition.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Male , Atrophy , Biopsy , CD4-CD8 Ratio , Diagnosis , Follow-Up Studies , Genes, T-Cell Receptor , Lymphocytes , Mycosis Fungoides , Skin , Skin Diseases , T-Lymphocytes , TelangiectasisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Skin infections with Gram-negative bacteria are sometimes challenging to treat, because these bacteria show multidrug resistance against commonly used antibiotics and patients with Gram-negative bacterial infection overall have deteriorated in conditions in many cases. Studies have shown that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and green tea extracts (GTE) inhibit the growth of several Gram-positive bacteria species. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of EGCG and GTE in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, and assess the use of these chemicals as an alternative or adjunct topical antimicrobial agent against P. aeruginosa and E. coli with multidrug resistance. METHODS: The MICs of EGCG, GTE, and other tested antibiotics were measured and compared to determine the antibacterial efficacy and the differences in pattern of resistance. RESULTS: The P. aeruginosa and E. coli strains used in this study showed multidrug resistance. EGCG inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa at a MIC level of 200~400 microg/ml. The MIC of GTE was a 1 : 16 dilution for P. aeruginosa. EGCG showed antimicrobial activity against E. coli at a MIC of 400 microg/ml. In the case of GTE, the MIC was a dilution between 1:8 and 1:4 for E. coli. CONCLUSION: EGCG and GTE showed potential as alternative or adjunct topical antimicrobial agents for infections that are resistant to traditional antibiotic therapy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Anti-Infective Agents , Bacteria , Drug Resistance, Multiple , Escherichia coli , Gram-Negative Bacteria , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections , Gram-Positive Bacteria , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Skin , Tea , Wounds and InjuriesABSTRACT
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the maxillary sinus is the most common malignant neoplasm of the paranasal cavity. The most frequent initial symptoms are swelling of the cheek, nasal obstruction, epistaxis, and nasal discharge. Herein, we report the case of a 62-year-old Korean male who initially presented with a whitish irregular depressed plaque with an indurated border in his left cheek. After a several-week delay in diagnosis, he was eventually diagnosed with maxillary sinus carcinoma.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Basal Cell , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Cheek , Diagnosis , Epistaxis , Maxillary Sinus , Nasal ObstructionABSTRACT
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis is a small vessel inflammatory disease mediated mostly by deposition of immune complexes. Etanercept (Enbrel(R)) is widely used not only for rheumatic disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis but also for dermatological diseases including psoriasis. Adverse drug reactions including pruritus, angioedema, and skin cancer have been reported. A 35-year-old female presented with palpable purpuric patches that developed on both lower legs 10 months after etanercept administration. A skin biopsy showed characteristic features of leukocytoclastic vasculitis, including perivascular infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes with leukocytoclasia and fibrinoid necrosis of the vessel wall. The patient was treated with oral and topical steroids, and the response was excellent and rapid. The patient was administered etanercept to control underlying ankylosing spondylitis. The skin lesions disappeared gradually after 4 weeks, and no other lesions were seen. The number of patients using etanercept has been increasing thus, the possibility of leukocytoclastic vasculitis in patients using etanercept should be considered.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Angioedema , Antigen-Antibody Complex , Biopsy , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Glycosaminoglycans , Immunoglobulin G , Leg , Lymphocytes , Necrosis , Neutrophils , Pruritus , Psoriasis , Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor , Skin , Skin Neoplasms , Spondylitis, Ankylosing , Steroids , Vasculitis , Vasculitis, Leukocytoclastic, Cutaneous , EtanerceptABSTRACT
Recurrent annular erythema associated with anti-Ro/La antibody is a diagnostic term for annular erythemas that usually occurs in the face and the upper extremities of patients with positive anti-Ro/La antibodies. They have been reported in patients with Sjogren's syndrome, lupus erythematosus, or Sjogren's syndrome/systemic lupus erythematosus syndrome. Recently, there have been cases without any underlying autoimmune diseases. We, hereby, report an annular erythema, associated with anti-Ro/La antibody occurring in both soles, which is an unusual location for this disease.